AlgoDS2 Lösungen für Aufgabenblatt 4 hinzugefügt

main
Thomas Ba. 13 years ago
parent ce10ad568a
commit 9213a8ba54

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\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{latexsym}
%\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{multicol}
%\usepackage{booktabs}
%\usepackage{pstricks}
%\usepackage{pst-node}
\usepackage[paper=a4paper,left=30mm,right=20mm,top=20mm,bottom =25mm]{geometry}
\usepackage[
pdftitle={Uebungsblatt 4: Graphentheorie - AlgoDS2},
pdfsubject={Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen 2; Uebungsblatt 4: Graphentheorie},
pdfauthor={Thomas Battermann},
pdfkeywords={Uebungsblatt 4: Graphentheorie - AlgoDS2},
pdfborder={0 0 0}
]{hyperref}
\usepackage{listings}
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\fancyhead[L]{Übungsblatt 4\\Graphentheorie} %Kopfzeile links
\fancyhead[C]{} %zentrierte Kopfzeile
\fancyhead[R]{\textsc{Algorithmen \& Datenstrukturen 2}\\12. Januar 2011} %Kopfzeile rechts
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\title{Übung Graphentheorie 1 -- AlgoDS2}
\author{Thomas Battermann}
\date{12. Januar 2011}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\section*{Aufgabe 1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 1}
\subsection*{a)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{a)}
\includegraphics{bilder/1a.eps}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
a&q&s&t&w&v&x&y&z&r&u\\\hline
$d(a)$ & 0&1&1&1&2&2&2&3&$\infty$&$\infty$\\\hline
$\pi(a)$ & -&q&q&q&s&t&t&x&-&-
\end{tabular}
\subsection*{b)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{b)}
Vorgängergraph:\\
\includegraphics{bilder/1b.eps}
\subsection*{c)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{c)}
\includegraphics{bilder/1c.eps}
\section*{Aufgabe 2}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 2}
\subsection*{a)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{a)}
Kante \((u,v) \in E \)
Angenommen $(u,v)$ ist eine TreeEdge (\textcolor{Red}{ForwardEdge})\\
\begin{itemize}
\item[$\Rightarrow$] In der Tiefensuche wird $v$ von $u$ aus entdeckt.
\item[$\Rightarrow$] $v$ ist ein Nachkomme von $u$ im Tiefensuchebaum
\item[$\Rightarrow$] Verschachtelungssatz:\\
\( d[u] < d[v] < f[v] < f[u] \)
\end{itemize}
\('\Rightarrow'\) Angenommen \( d[u] < d[v] < f[v] < f[u] \)
\begin{itemize}
\item[$\Rightarrow$] Verschachtelungssatz:\\
$v$ ist ein Nachkomme von $u$ um selben Tiefensuchebaum.\\
\begin{itemize}
\item[Fall 1:]
$v$ wurde von $u$ aus entdeckt $\Rightarrow (u,v)$ TreeEdge
\item[Fall 2:]
$v$ wurde nicht von $u$ aus entdeckt $\Rightarrow (u,v)$ ForwardEdge
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\subsection*{b)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{b)}
$'\Rightarrow'$ Angenommen $(u,v)$ ist eine BackEdge\\
d.\,h. $u$ ist ein Nachfolger von $v$ im selben Tiefesuchebaum\\
$\Leftrightarrow$ Verschachtelungssatz \( d[v] < d[u] < f[u] y f[v] \)
\includegraphics{bilder/2b.eps}
\subsection*{c)}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{c)}
\includegraphics{bilder/2c.eps}
$'\Rightarrow': (u,v)$ CrossEdge
Also sind $u$ und $v$ in verschiedenen Tiefensuchebäumen.
\(\Rightarrow\) $v$ muss vor $u$ in der Tiefensuche entdeckt worden sein.\\
\(\Rightarrow d[v] < f[v] < d[u] < f[u] \)\\
\(\Leftarrow\) Angenommen: \( d[v] < f[v] < d[u] < f[u] \)\\
\(\Rightarrow\) Verschachtelungssatz: $u$ und $v$ sind in zwei verschiedenen TS-Bäumen\\
\(\Rightarrow (u,v) \) ist CrossEdge
\section*{Aufgabe 3}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 3}
Laufzeit: \( O(\|\|V\|\|^2) \)\\
sowohl Breitensuche und Tiefensuche
$\Rightarrow$ Es müssen alle Spalten/Zeilen durchgegangen werden.
\section*{Aufgabe 4}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 4}
Annahme: \includegraphics{bilder/4.eps}
Behauptung: Jede Tiefensuche liefert $d[v] < f[u]$ als Ergebnis.
Betrachte eine beliebige Tiefensuche zu dem Zeitpunkt, an dem $v$ entdeckt wird.
\underline{Fall 1:} $u$ wurde vor $v$ entdeckt\\
Weißer Pfadsatz: $v$ ist ein Nachfolger von u \(\to d[v] < f[u]\)
\underline{Fall 2:} $u$ wurde noch nicht entdeckt:\\
\begin{enumerate}[a)]
\item \(v\overset{P}{\leadsto}u \Rightarrow u\) Nachkomme von $v$\\
Verschachtelungssatz: \( d[v] < d[u] < f[u] < f[v] \)
\item $u$ ist von $v$ aus nicht erreichbar.\\
Also wird $v$ komplett abgearbeitet, bevor $u$ entdeckt wird:\\
\( d[v] < f[v] < d[u] < f[u] \)
\end{enumerate}
\section*{Aufgabe 5}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 5}
Graph $G=(V,E)$ (gerichtet)\\
$E^T = \{ (v,u) \mid (u,v) \in E \}$
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single]
MatrixTranspose(a):
n = size(a)
for i:= 1 to n do
for j:= 1 to n do
B[i][j] = A[j][i]
return B
\end{lstlisting}
Laufzeit: \( \Theta(n^2)\)
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single]
ListTranspose(G=(V,E)):
Erzeuge einen leeren Graphen G2 mit der Knotenmenge V
for jeden Knoten u in V do
for jeden Knoten v in Adj[u] do
Fuege Kante (v,u) zu G2 hinzu
return G2
\end{lstlisting}
Laufzeit: \( O(\|V\| + \|E\| ) \)
\section*{Aufgabe 6}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Aufgabe 6}
\includegraphics{bilder/6.eps}
\underline{Ansatz:} Führe Tiefensuche durch und speichere die benutzten Kanten in einer Liste.
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single]
Search(G,s):
for each v in V do
color[v] := WHITE
Initialisiere die Liste p
Visit(G,s,p)
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single]
Visit(G,v,p):
color[v] := GRAY
Haenge v an das Ende von p
for each u in Neighbour(v) do
if color[u] = WHITE then
Visit(G,u,p)
Haenge v an das Ende von P
else if color[u] = GRAY then
Haenge (u,v) an das Ende von p
color[v] := BLACK
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}

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